Acid-base titration acts as a fundamental analytical technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. This method involves the controlled addition of a specified solution, called the titrant, to a analyte of indeterminate concentration until the reaction between the acid and base is neutralized. The point at which this occurs,

In acid-base titrations, the equivalence point signifies the precise instant when the {acid|titrant and base have completely reacted. This crucial phase is often revealed by a noticeable change in the pH, though it may not always be visible. To accurately pinpoint this cutoff, techniques like using an color-changing reagent or measuring the pH cont